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During the Seven Years' War, the Prussian-held town of Kolberg in Brandenburg-Prussian Pomerania (now Kołobrzeg) was besieged by Russian forces three times. The first two sieges, in late 1759 and from 26 August to 18 September 1760,〔Burk (1995), p.49〕 were unsuccessful. A final and successful siege took place from August to December 1761.〔Buchholz (1999), pp.352–354〕 In the sieges of 1760 and 1761, the Russian forces were supported by Swedish auxiliaries.〔Szabo (2008), pp.290, 370〕 As a consequence of the fall of the city, Prussia lost her last major port on the Baltic Coast,〔West (2001), p.492〕 while at the same the Russian forces were able to take winter quarters in Pomerania. However, when Empress Elizabeth of Russia died only weeks after the Russian victory, her successor, Peter III of Russia, made peace and returned Kolberg to Prussia.〔Stone (2006), p.75〕 ==First siege (1759)== A first siege in 1759 was repelled by the Prussian defenders.〔 Russian Count Fermor was ordered to expel the Prussian forces commanded by Count Dohna from Pomerania, take Kolberg and establish winter quarters in Brandenburg-Prussian Pomerania. Fermor reluctantly pursued his objectives, regarding full achievement nearly impossible.〔Szabo (2008), p. 187〕 Fermor dispatched 4,000 troops and 20 artillery pieces, commanded by Lieutenant-General Johann Palmenbach to siege Kolberg,〔 defended by 700 regulars and a levy,〔Szabo (2008), p. 188〕 commanded by Heinrich Sigismund von der Heyde who had just upgraded the defense works and stocked supplies.〔 Siege was laid on 4 October. Though Russian reinforcements brought up Palmenbach strength to 5,000 the following month, heavy rain and storm rendered successful construction of siegeworks impossible. In addition, twenty-seven Russian warships arrived to assist the siege from the seaside, yet throughout October, storms wrecked twenty-one, and none came close enough to participate. The siege was lifted on 1 November.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Siege of Kolberg (Seven Years' War)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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